DERIVATIVE HYDROCARBON

The derivative compounds of carbon, namely:
ETHER
 
Ether is an organic compound containing the R-O-R ', with R may be alkyl or aryl. [1] Examples of ether compounds are the most common solvent and anesthetic diethyl ether (ethoxyethane, CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 ). Ether is very common in organic chemistry and biochemistry, because this group is a liaison group in compound carbohydrates and lignin.Molekul-ether molecules can not hydrogen bond with each other, resulting ether compound having a relatively low boiling point compared to alkohol.Eter is slightly because the polar angle COC ether belt is 110 degrees, so it can not negate the CO dipole with each other. Ether more polar than alkenes but not sepolar alcohol, ester, or amide. however, the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the ether oxygen atom, allowing ether hydrogen bond with the molecules can be separated perfectly air.Eter through cyclic destilasi.Eter such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane are very soluble in water due to over exposure to the oxygen atom of hydrogen bonds compared with other aliphatic ethers.

ESTHER
 
ester is an organic compound formed by the replacement of one (or more) hydroxyl hydrogen atom with an organic group (usually denoted by R '). Oxygen is an amino acid whose molecules have-OH groups are hydrogen (H) may be H + ions. Lot ester has a smell like the smell of fruit, so a lot of taste and aroma compounds used buatan.Ester produced when carboxylic acid is heated with alcohol with the help of acid catalyst. The catalyst is usually concentrated sulfuric acid. Dry hydrogen chloride gas is sometimes used, but their use tends to involve aromatic esters (carboxylic acid ester which contains a benzene ring).
Berdasarkansusunannya ester consisting of:
1.sari fruits, the alkanoic acid esters of low or middle rate.
2.lemak or oil, are esters of glycerol or fatty acids or high middle term.
3.lilin (wax), the high rate of alcohol esters of alkanoic acid and high interest.

ALCOHOL

In chemistry, alcohol (or alkanol) is a general term for any organic compound that has a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the carbon atom, which he himself attached to the hydrogen and / or carbon atoms lain.Gugus alcohol functional groups are hydroxyl bound to the carbon sp3 hybridization. There are three main types of alcohol - 'primary', 'secondary and' tertiary '. These names refer to the amount of carbon that is bound to the carbon C-OH. The simplest primary alcohol is methanol. The simplest secondary alcohol is 2-propanol, and the simplest tertiary alcohol 2-methyl-2-propanol.
General chemical formula of alcohol is CnH2n +1 OH '
Name systematic
In the IUPAC nomenclature system, alkane compound names missing suffix "e" and replaced with "ol", eg methane to methanol and ethane into ethanol. [1] When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group can be seen from the number between the alkane name and the "ol": for CH3CH2CH2OH 1-propanol, 2-propanol for CH3CH (OH) CH3. If there is a higher functional groups (such as aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, the prefix is "hydroxy", [1] for example: 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (CH3COCH2OH). [2]
Siat Siat-alcohol:
colored 1.tidak
2.dapat mixed with water in any ratio
3.mudah burned by air produces CO2 and H2O

ALDEHYDE
 
Aldehydes as carbonyl compounds. Simple aldehyde compounds containing a carbonyl group - a double bond C = O. Aldehyde compounds include simple when viewed by the absence of reactive groups such as-OH or-Cl attached directly to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group - as can be found eg in carboxylic acids containing the-COOH group.
1) aldehide compounds with a low number of atoms C (1 s / d 5 C atoms) are
easily soluble in water. While the number of atoms aldehide compound C over 5
poorly soluble in water.

2) can be oxidized to acid Aldehide karboksilatnya

3) Aldehide can be reduced with H2 gas to form primary alcohols.
example:
a) CH3-CHO + H 2 -----------> CH3-CH2-OH
Ethanol ethanal

b) CH3-CH2-CHO + H2 -------> CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
Proponal Propanol

CARBOCXILIC ACID

Alkane derivatives so called alkanoic acids, the functional group-COOH
Carboxylic acid with two-COOH group called alkanadioat acid,
Carboxylic acid with three acidic-COOH group called alkanatrioat.
  Siat-carboxyl acid properties:
Carboxylic acid having 1-4 atoms in the form of liquid, and easily soluble in water
Carboxylic acids having 5-15 carbon atoms in the form of oil
Carboxylic acid having 16 carbon atoms berbentukpadat
A weak acid, the long chain of carbon atoms that nature asm weaker